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TABLE OF DERIVATIVES

Topics in calculus

Fundamental theorem
Limits of functions
Continuity
Vector calculus
Tensor calculus
Mean value theorem
Differentiation

Product rule
Quotient rule
Chain rule
Implicit differentiation
Taylor's theorem
Related rates
Table of derivatives
Integration

Lists of integrals
Improper integrals
Integration by: parts, disks,
cylindrical shells, substitution,
trigonometric substitution

The primary operation in differential calculus is finding a derivative. This table lists derivatives of many functions. In the following, f and g are differentiable functions from the real numbers, and c is a real number. These formulas are sufficient to differentiate any elementary function.

Contents

Rules for differentiation of general functions

Linearity
\left({cf}\right)' = cf'
\left({f + g}\right)' = f' + g'
\left({f - g}\right)' = f' - g'
Product rule
\left({fg}\right)' = f'g + fg'
Quotient rule
\left({f \over g}\right)' = {f'g - fg' \over g^2}, \qquad g \ne 0
Functional power rule
(f^g)' = \left(e^{g\ln f}\right)' = f^g\left(f'{g \over f} + g'\ln f\right),\qquad f > 0
Chain rule
(f \circ g)' = (f' \circ g)g'
Logarithm rule
f' = (\ln f)'f, \qquad f > 0

Derivatives of simple functions

{d \over dx} c = 0
{d \over dx} x = 1
{d \over dx} cx = c
{d \over dx} |x| = {x \over |x|} = \sgn x,\qquad x \ne 0
{d \over dx} x^c = cx^{c-1} \qquad \mbox{where both } x^c \mbox{ and } cx^{c-1} \mbox { are defined}
{d \over dx} \left({1 \over x}\right) = {d \over dx} \left(x^{-1}\right) = -x^{-2} = -{1 \over x^2}
{d \over dx} \left({1 \over x^c}\right) = {d \over dx} \left(x^{-c}\right) = -{c \over x^{c+1}}
{d \over dx} \sqrt{x} = {d \over dx} x^{1\over 2} = {1 \over 2} x^{-{1\over 2}} = {1 \over 2 \sqrt{x}}, \qquad x > 0

Derivatives of exponential and logarithmic functions

{d \over dx} c^x = {c^x \ln c},\qquad c > 0
{d \over dx} e^x = e^x
{d \over dx} \log_c x = {1 \over x \ln c},\qquad c > 0, c \ne 1
{d \over dx} \ln x = {1 \over x}
{d \over dx} x^x = x^x(1+\ln x)

Derivatives of trigonometric functions

{d \over dx} \sin x = \cos x
{d \over dx} \cos x = -\sin x
{d \over dx} \tan x = \sec^2 x
{d \over dx} \sec x = \tan x \sec x
{d \over dx} \cot x = -\csc^2 x
{d \over dx} \csc x = -\csc x \cot x
{d \over dx} \arcsin x = { 1 \over \sqrt{1 - x^2}}
{d \over dx} \arccos x = {-1 \over \sqrt{1 - x^2}}
{d \over dx} \arctan x = { 1 \over 1 + x^2}
{d \over dx} \arcsec x = { 1 \over |x|\sqrt{x^2 - 1}}
{d \over dx} \arccot x = {-1 \over 1 + x^2}
{d \over dx} \arccsc x = {-1 \over |x|\sqrt{x^2 - 1}}

Derivatives of hyperbolic functions

{d \over dx} \sinh x = \cosh x
{d \over dx} \cosh x = \sinh x
{d \over dx} \tanh x = \mbox{sech}^2 x
{d \over dx} \mbox{sech} x = - \tanh x \mbox{sech} x
{d \over dx} \mbox{coth} x = - \mbox{csch}^2 x
{d \over dx} \mbox{csch} x = - \mbox{coth} x \mbox{csch} x
{d \over dx} \mbox{arcsinh} x = { 1 \over \sqrt{x^2 + 1}}
{d \over dx} \mbox{arccosh} x = { 1 \over \sqrt{x^2 - 1}}
{d \over dx} \mbox{arctanh} x = { 1 \over 1 - x^2}
{d \over dx} \mbox{arcsech} x = { 1 \over x\sqrt{1 - x^2}}
{d \over dx} \mbox{arccoth} x = { 1 \over 1 - x^2}
{d \over dx} \mbox{arccsch} x = {-1 \over |x|\sqrt{1 + x^2}}