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NEUROCHEMISTRY
Neurochemistry is a branch of neuroscience that is heavily devoted to the study of neurochemicals. A neurochemical is an organic molecule that participates in neural activity. This term is often used to refer to neurotransmitters and other molecules such as neuro-active drugs that influence neuron function.
Examples of neurochemicals
- The neuropeptide oxytocin. Oxytocin is involved in the control of maternal behavior. It is synthesized inside magnocellular neurosecretory cells as a precursor protein that is processed by proteolysis to its shorter active peptide form. Specific parts of the brain such as the supraoptic nucleus produce oxytocin which acts on cells in locations such as the ventral pallidum to produce the behavioral effects of oxytocin. A large amount of oxytocin is made in the hypothalamus, transported to the posterior lobe of the pituitary and released into the blood stream by which it reaches target tissues such as the mammary glands (milk letdown). In the diagram inset, oxytocin is shown bound to a carrier protein, neurophysin.
- Other examples of neurochemicals
- Dopamine is an exitatory neurotransmitter. It plays a key role in the functioning of the limbic system, which is involved in emotional function and control.
- GABA is an example of an inhibitory neuroreceptor.
- Serotonin plays a regulatory role in mood, sleep, and other areas.
- Acetylcholine assists motor function.
- Nitric oxide functions as a neurotransmitter, despite being a gas.
See also
External links
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