|
EAST ASIAN CINEMA
 |
| East Asian cinema |
|
|
East Asian cinema (sometimes called Far Eastern cinema, Eastern cinema, Asian cinema or Oriental cinema) is a term used to refer to the film industry and films produced in, and/or by natives of, East Asia. It can be seen as a sub-section of World cinema, a cover-all term used to describe any foreign language films.
The term East Asian cinema particularly refers to the large and well established film industries of China, Hong Kong and Japan, and the growing industries in Taiwan, North Korea and South Korea. By definition the term also includes any film production within all countries in this region including Mongolia, Vietnam and Macau.
The terms Far Eastern cinema, Asian cinema, Eastern cinema or Oriental cinema are sometimes used synonymously with East Asian cinema, particularly in the United States, although this is something of a misnomer, as it's even broader scope means it could equally apply to the movies produced throughout the rest of the continent, particularly the cinema of India including the enormous Bollywood film industry.
Styles and genres
The scope of East Asian cinema is huge and takes in a wide array of different film styles and genres. East Asian cinema is particularly famous in the West for:
Key figures of East Asian cinema
With the rise in popularity of East Asian cinema in the West, Western audiences are becoming more familiar with many of the industry's film-makers and stars. A number of these key players have "crossed over", working in Western films. Others gain exposure through the international success of their films, though many more retain more of a "cult" appeal, finding a degree of Western success through DVD sales rather than cinema releases.
As East Asian films have grown in popularity, members of the Western film industry have recognised the talents of their counterparts, citing them as influences (notably George Lucas citing Akira Kurosawa) and championing them (such as the growing number of Eastern films released with the endorsement "Quentin Tarantino Presents"). Furthermore, many Eastern films are being remade in Hollywood, which, though it may be considered cashing-in on the original films, or watering them down for a Western audience, it also serves to engender interest in the originals (notably the Ringu trilogy and other Japanese horrors. Some of the better known figures of East Asian cinema include:
China
- Cai Chusheng (1906-1968). Influential Chinese director of the 1930s and 1940s. Best known for his film Spring River Flows East, which is frequently regarded as one of the masterpieces of Chinese cinema.
- Chen Kaige (1952- ). Fifth-Generation Chinese film director known for films such as Farewell My Concubine, The Emperor and the Assassin, and Yellow Earth (one of the first Chinese films to compete in international film festivals after the Cultural Revolution).
- Jiang Wen (1963- ). Famous Chinese actor turned director. Best known for In the Heat of the Sun and Devils on the Doorstep, which won the Grand Prize of the Jury at the 2000 Cannes Film Festival.
- Jia Zhangke (1970- ). One of the most prominent Sixth-Generation Chinese film directors. His most renowned works includes the highly acclaimed Platform, Unknown Pleasure, and The World.
- John Woo (1946- ). One of the best known East Asian directors to Western audiences, his domestic output includes the Chow Yun-Fat films The Killer and Hard Boiled and his Western movies include Broken Arrow, Face/Off and Paycheck
- Fei Mu (1906-1951). Pioneering Chinese director in the 1940s. Best known for the film Spring in a Small Town, which is considered by many to be the best Chinese film ever made.
- Lou Ye (1965- ). Sixth-Generation film director of Purple Butterfly, Summer Palace, and Suzhou River.
- Lu Chuan (1970- ). Sixth-Generation Chinese film director. Best known for The Missing Gun and the award-winning Kekexili: Mountain Patrol.
- Tian Zhuangzhuang (1952- ). One of the most prominent Fifth-Generation film directors. Known for films such as The Blue Kite and The Horse Thief.
- Wang Xiaoshuai (1966- ). Award-winning Sixth-Generation Chinese film director.
- Wu Yonggang (1907-1982). Chinese director of the 1930s best known for his work with the actress Ruan Lingyu.
- Xie Jin (1923- ). Well-known Chinese director during the Cultural Revolution. Notable works includes: The Red Detachment of Women, Two Stage Sisters.
- Yuan Muzhi (1909-1978). Chinese director best known for the film Street Angel starring actress Zhou Xuan.
- Zhang Yimou (1950- ). Fifth-Generation film director known for his sumptuous visual styles and allegorical story-tellings. Notable films: Red Sorghum, Raise the Red Lantern, To Live, and Hero.
- Zhang Yuan (1963- ). Sixth-Generation Chinese film director best known for the film East Palace, West Palace.
- Zhu Shilin (1899-1967). Influential Chinese director of the early sound era.
Hong Kong
- Johnnie To (1955- ). International acclaimed director of genre films. He is a darling of film festivals, from Cannes Film Festival to Venice Film Festival.
- Stephen Chow (1962- ). Director, actor and comedian, best known in the West for the films Shaolin Soccer and Kung Fu Hustle.
- Ringo Lam (1954- ). Best known for the film City on Fire starring Chow Yun-Fat, and has also worked with Jean-Claude Van Damme.
- Sammo Hung (1952- ). Director, actor and stuntman of Hong Kong action cinema, famed for starring, directing and coreographing Kung Fu martial arts films for over 40 years, as well as his association with fellow stars Jackie Chan and Yuen Biao and the hit US television series Martial Law.
- Yuen Woo-ping (1945- ) Director of classic kung fu films including the Drunken Master (starring Jackie Chan) and Magnificent Butcher (starring Sammo Hung ). In his later years his expertise as a martial arts choreographer has been sought by Western directors and he has worked on films including The Matrix series, Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon and Quentin Tarantino's Kill Bill.
- Jackie Chan (1954- )
- Tsui Hark (1950- )
- Wong Kar Wai (1958- )
- Lo Wei (1918-1996)
Japan
- Kinji Fukasaku (1930-2003). Director known for his groundbreaking yakuza films, including Battles Without Honour and Humanity (1973).
- Ishirō Honda (1911-1993). Known primarily for his Tokusatsu and Kaiju monster films, particularly for bringing the first Godzilla film, Gojira to audiences. His many other films include Mothra, King Kong vs. Godzilla, Mothra vs. Godzilla and Destroy All Monsters.
- Shohei Imamura (1926 - ) First Japanese director to win 2 Palme d'Or awards at the Cannes Film Festival, for The Ballad of Narayama (1982) and The Eel (1998). Other films include The Insect Woman (1963) and Black Rain (1989).
- Shunji Iwai (1963- )
- Teinosuke Kinugasa (1896-1982). Pioneering director of A Page of Madness (1926) and The Gate of Hell (1953).
- Ryuhei Kitamura (1969 - ). A former director of pop music videos and television commercials, his films have a distinctly modern style and include Versus, Azumi and the most recent incarnation of the giant Kaiju reptile, Godzilla: Final Wars.
- Takeshi Kitano (1947- ). A gifted, muli-faceted artist and performer, Kitano's best-regarded directorial efforts include Sonatine and Hana-bi. He's also known for his acting, in such films as Battle Royale and Taboo.
- Akira Kurosawa (1910-1998). Renowned director, whose classic films include Ikiru, Rashomon, The Seven Samurai, Kagemusha and Ran.
- Kiyoshi Kurosawa (1955 - ). Not related to the other Kurosawa, his films include Cure and the J-horror hit, Kairo.
- Takashi Miike (1960- ). Prolific director of often bizarre and violent films. He is best known in the West for Audition, Ichi the Killer, The Happiness of the Katakuris.
- Hayao Miyazaki (1941-). Acclaimed anime director and head of Studio Ghibli. His creations include Princess Mononoke, Spirited Away and most recently, Howl's Moving Castle.
- Kenji Mizoguchi (1898-1956). Important, influential director of The Life of Oharu (1952), Ugetsu Monogatari (1953), and Sansho the Bailiff (1954).
- Hideo Nakata (1961- ). Director of modern J-Horror films such as Ringu and Dark Water.
- Nagisa Oshima (1932- ). Director of In the Realm of the Senses (1976) and Merry Christmas, Mr. Lawrence (1983).
- Yasujiro Ozu (1903-1963). Influential director of Late Spring (1949), Early Summer (1951), Tokyo Story (1953), and Good Morning (1959)
- Katsuhiro Otomo (1954- ). Manga artist and anime director responsible for Akira and Steamboy.
- Kaneto Shindo (1912 - ). Director of Onibaba (1964).
South Korea
- Im Kwon-taek (1936- ). One of Korea's most acclaimed directors. Director of Sopyonje (1993) and Chihwaseon (2002).
- Jang Jun-hwan (1970 - ). Director of Save the Green Planet! (2003).
- Kang Je-gyu (1962- ). Director of the hit Korean film, Shiri and the war film Taegukgi (aka Brotherhood), one of the highest grossing films in Korean history.
- Kim Cheong-gi director of animated, fantasy and science-fiction films including Robot Taekwon V (1976) and Ureme (1986).
- Kim Ji-Woon (1964 - ). Director of The Quiet Family (1998), A Tale of Two Sisters (2003), and A Bittersweet Life (2005).
- Kim Ki-duk (1960- ). Best known in the West for the hit films The Isle, Spring, Summer, Autumn, Winter... and Spring and 3-Iron.
- Kim Ki-young (1919-1998). Director of The Housemaid (1960).
- Na Woon-gyu (1902-1937). Korea's first star. Writer/director/actor of Arirang (1926).
- Park Chan-wook (1963- ). Acclaimed director known particularly for his Vengeance trilogy' - Sympathy for Mr. Vengeance (2002), Oldboy (2003) and Sympathy for Lady Vengeance (2005).
- Park Kwang-su (1955- ). Director of Geu Seom e Kagoshipta (To the Starry Island) (1993) and Areumdaun Chongnyun Jeon Tae-il (A Single Spark) (1995).
- Yu Hyun-mok (1925- ) Director of A Stray Bullet (1960).
Taiwan
Actors
See also
|